|
Showman
Florenz Ziegfeld had the good sense to listen to
his wife. He had been named manager of the former Roof Garden Theater in New
York City, an intimate venue on
the top of Oscar Hamerstein’s Olympic Theater. The new owners needed
a hit to fill the seats and Ziegfeld
needed a new idea for a show to open the room which had be rechristened the Jardin de Paris.
The
showman’s wife was the Polish born curvaceous
and highly successful stage performer Anna Held who Ziegfeld
had wed in Europe. She was a huge
star in her own right in this country since her arrival here in the mid
1890’s. Held suggested an American
version of the famed Folies
Bergères of Paris—a lavish
production featuring beautiful
chorus girls and top talent from
the Broadway and vaudeville stage. Held hoped to star in
the show, but could not when she became pregnant.
Eventually she either lost or aborted the baby, but too late to be featured in the
show. The loss caused a rift with
her husband who was soon busying himself
with other beautiful actresses. Anna never got to be a Ziegfeld girl, although she continued
to have a successful career until her early
death at the age of 45 in 1918.
Not quite yet Ziegfeld Girls---the first Follies chorus line performed at the Jardin de Paris on the roof of Oscar Hamerstein's theater in 1907 |
The first edition of the Ziegfeld
Follies opened on July 8, 1907. The
first cast included Grace La Rue, Emma Carus, Harry Watson, Helen
Broderick and Nora Bayes. Although only Bayes is much remembered now,
all were solid, well known performers if not yet top stars. The show was a success.
But the Follies really established themselves as
a Broadway fixture the next year
when the lovely chorines were dubbed
the Ziegfeld Girls for the first
time. Among the beauties was Mae Murray, who would be headlining the show in a few years and
who became a leading star of the silent
screen. Nora Bayes returned, this
time with her new husband John Northwood. Together they introduced a little ditty
of their own composition, Shine On, Harvest Moon. It was the first of dozens of familiar tunes
introduced in the Follies.
Over the
years the biggest names in show business got bigger headlining the Follies.
The roll call included Sophie
Tucker, Fanny Brice, Burt Williams, Ann Pennington, Ed Wynn,
W. C. Fields, Ina Clair, Will Rogers, Eddie Cantor, Marilyn Miller, Gallagher
& Sheen, Olsen & Johnson,
Bert Wheeler, “Gentleman Jim” Corbett, Paul
Whiteman, Ruth Etting, Billie Burke,
Helen Morgan, John Bubbles, Ruth Etting,
Jane Forman, Buddy Ebbsen, and Eve Arden.
Irving Berlin wrote the
songs for three Follies. Jerome
Kern and a parade of other notables
contributed many more.
Many young
performers got their starts as a Ziegfeld Girls including Murray, Marion
Davies, Olive Thomas, Doris
Eaton, Barbara Stanwyck, Louise Brooks, Paulette Goddard,
and Joan Blondell.
Chicago born Ziegfeld was 40 years old when the first Follies opened in 1907. He would continue to produce ever more elaborate editions of the show until
his death in 1932. He also produced many
other acclaimed Broadway show most notably Sally in both 1920 and ’23; Rio
Rita and Show Boat in 1927; and Rosalie, The Three Musketeers, and
the Eddie Cantor vehicle Whoopie!
all in 1928.
Ziegfeld
suspended production of the Follies after 1927 to concentrate on the production
of these plays and the construction of his own elaborate Ziegfeld Theater.
Despite all of his success, Ziegfeld lost his fortune in
the Stock Market Crash of 1929.
He mortgaged his namesake theater to publisher William
Randolph Hearst.
Florenz Ziegfeld and another one of his brightest stars Eddie Cantor who by this time--about 1930--was Hollywood's biggest musical comedy star. |
In an attempt to re-coupe his fortune he mounted a new edition of
the Follies in 1931. Although it was successful, as were films
made from his stage plays, Ria Rita, Show
Boat, and Whoopie! it was not
enough to repay his creditors.
The great impresario died broke in California in 1934
after a lingering illness. Hearst
foreclosed on the Ziegfeld Theater.
His second wife, the comedienne Billie Burke, was left in
poverty. She went on to work in
films, usually playing ditzy matrons in comedies. She is best remembered now as Glenda the
Good in the 1939 production of The
Wizard of Oz.
Two versions of the Follies
were mounted with middling success after Ziegfeld’s death. His memory was preserved in an MGM
musical biography The Great
Ziegfeld released in 1936. William
Powell played the producer, Louise Rainer as Anna Held, and a blonde
Myrna Loy as Billie Burke. The
film won the Academy Award for Best Picture and Rainer took home
the trophy for Best Actress. The
film featured many original Ziegfeld stars but is best remembered for its
elaborate production number of A
Pretty Girl is Like a Melody.
The cost of that one scene was greater than the cost of any edition of
the Follies on the stage.
In 1941William Powell was unavailable when MGM decided to do another big
picture based on the Follies, but he
was so associated with the part of Flo Ziegfeld that they elected never to show
the producer on screen for Ziegfeld
Girl, a star studded extravaganza staring Judy Garland, Lana
Turner, and Heddy Lamarr as three chorus girls whose lives were
changed in dramatically different ways after becoming Ziegfeld Girls. The cast also featured James Stewart—top
billed despite not having much to do but moon over Lana Turner—Jackie
Cooper, Tony Martin and a
host of familiar faces from the studio’s large stable of character actors. Also in the mix of supporting players were Al
Sheen, half of the classic comedy duo Gallagher and Sheen, former Ziegfeld
Girls Mae Bush and Eve Arden, and future song and dance star Dan
Dailey.
In 1945 producer Arthur Freed tried to reproduce the feel
of the original reviews in his MGM Technicolor extravaganza The Ziegfeld Follies. Powell reprised his role as the
showman and a parade of studio talent appeared in production numbers
and sketches including Fred Astaire, Gene Kelly, Cyd
Charise, Judy Garland, Katherine Grayson, Red Skelton, Lucile
Ball, Lena Horne, and Esther Williams. Only one star, Fanny Brice, actually ever
appeared in the Follies while
Ziegfeld was alive.
All in all, Flo Ziegfeld left a hefty show biz legacy.
No comments:
Post a Comment