Note: Ever relevant as we face
domestic Nazis, Fascists, and White Supremacists at home and the
Russian invasion of Ukraine reminds us that naked aggression and war crimes are
no longer unthinkable in Europe today.
We revisit this annual reminder.
When it comes to World War II, certain dates are etched indelibly into the American consciousness, even occasionally piercing the historical unawareness of young people now generations removed from the events. December 7, Pearl Harbor Day is one. August 6 when the U.S. dropped the first Atomic Bomb making the end of the war with Japan inevitable is another.
So is June 6, known without further
explanation as D-Day.
American troops pinned down on Omaha Beach, June 6, 1944.
On June 6, 1944 the Allies invaded Nazi occupied France under the overall command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower. It is the iconic event of World War II in the American memory.
It was the largest coordinated movement of men, arms, and materiel in history and had to be conducted in enough secrecy to surprise the Germans who had at least 55 divisions in France while the Allied effort could only put 8 ashore to secure the beachhead on the first day.
Nearly
2 million soldiers, sailors, and airmen were involved in the total Operation Overlord, including those landed after the first
day. 195,000 Naval personnel manned 6,039 vessels
including 1,200 warships and 15 hospital ships. The United
States alone shipped 7 million tons of supplies, 14 billion pounds of material
including 448,000 tons of ammunition.
British air born troops loading a glider for their mission to be dropped behind the German beach defenses and secure roads and bridges inland.
Air operations in support of D-Day, which began in April, included 14,000 missions with a loss of 2000 air craft and 12,000 airmen before the landing. 127 planes were lost on D-Day alone.
On June 6th U.S. casualties were reported as 6,603
including 1,465 dead. While these are
awful numbers, there were several Civil
War battles with greater fatalities.
The Soviets suffered more
single day casualties four or five times.
And losses per men engaged in some Pacific
landings were more than 5 times as high.
Total allied casualties that day among U.S., British, Canadian, Free French, and Polish troops are estimated to be in excess of 10,000. German losses are less well documented but
are estimated between four and nine thousand.
A fraction of the cost--American dead at the water line on Omaha Beach.
After the beachhead was secured hundreds of thousands of men and tons of supplies landed across those sands because the Allies did not control any deep water French port for weeks. By July 14 over a million men had come ashore.
But heavy German resistance confined the invaders to a small zone around the landing beaches until a breakout began on July 25.
U.S. Army Air Force B-26 Marauder medium bombers fly over the invasion fleet to pound German positions.Once free, the Allied advance across France was remarkably swift. Despite setbacks like the Battle of the Bulge in December and delays in getting a bridgehead across the Rhine into the German heartland, by the following April British and American units from the west met up with Soviet troops from the east. Within a few days of that Hitler committed suicide, Berlin fell, and the German High Command surrendered unconditionally.
It
has been my honor to know several
men who either fought on D-Day or who landed on the Normandy beaches over the
next few days. One of them was my late father-in-law, Art Brady.
All of
them are gone now. Within a few
years the last of the veterans of D-Day will go
the way of the ghosts of Gettysburg and Belleau Wood. The latter battle, coincidently, reached its
peak on another June 6 in 1918 when U.S. Marines suffered their worst
single day losses in history.
So much
war. So much grief.
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