Note to all my younger readers—if I have any. Today is International Students Day but you would not notice it at any American school, college, or university. Why? Because the day honors students not just for academics, but for their traditional role as a kind of collective public conscience, the bearers of high ideals, and a thorn in the side of arbitrary authority everywhere. In other words pretty much exactly what our oligarchs and authorities do not want. They would prefer you train quietly and diligently to seamlessly become cogs in the machinery of their prosperity. Or if you must blow off steam, do it at football games, keggers, or meaningless hook-up sex. Anything but protest.
I come from a quaint generation that took student activism as a given inspired by the Civil Rights Movement and protests against the War in Vietnam. We paid our dues in innumerable marches, sit-ins, Freedom Rides, the streets of Chicago, university occupations, and at Orangeburg, Kent State, and Jackson State. But after the war wound down and the Draft became an empty threat, campuses quieted. Not that student activism ever entirely disappeared—there was always a level of activity and issues that raised the passions of some. But no mass movement, no sense of common purpose. In fact in many places conservatives organized effective counter presence.
Millions, including students, joined in mass protests and marches to try and stop a post-9/11 invasion of Iraq, when the war actually started there was not much of a sustained movement against it and what there was waned as the War on Terror dragged on interminably, becoming just background noise.
The most significant new mass social movement in decades, the Occupy Movement, was spearheaded by young post-college adults whose lives and hopes had been disrupted by the economic crash of 2008 and crushing student debt. As it spread across the country from city to city students became involved and there were some actions on campus such as the infamous pepper spraying of non-violent students at Santa Monica College, it never really became a student movement.
Students often taken the lead in Black Lives Matter protests.
Youth, including high school and college studenst did become the driving force behind the next important development—then Black Lives Matter Movement. But at first they were acting and reacting on the streets not as students per se. But the movement quickly moved onto campuses. Something new was in the air.
Since then American youth has taken to the streets against school shootings and gun violence—the movement explicitly tied to their age and status as students; to protest Donald Trump and attacks on democracy itself; for the rights and safety of women, the LGBTQ+ community, and the endangered gender non-conforming; and for the environment as part of a global youth strike campaign.
But now supporters of both sides of the assaults on Gaza, the West Bank, and Lebanon are bitterly splitting their generation and leading to strife and violence on campus.
All of which recalls the events that inspired the creation of International Student’s Day.
Some students fled the country with their families, it they were able. Jewish students were expelled and Jewish professors fired. Some students, particularly young Communists and left Social Democrats went underground and began to form what would become a resistance movement. Most stayed fearfully at their studies, but many were determined to protest the subjugation of their country.
On October 29, the anniversary of the Declaration of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1919, students of the Medical Faculty of Charles University held a street rally which was violently suppressed by the Nazis. Among the wounded was Jan Opleta who was shot and died of his wounds on November 11.
Students from all over Prague and the now splintered Czechoslovakia turned out by the tens of thousands to make Opleta’s funeral procession into a mass protest on November 15. Students expected reprisals. What they got was beyond any of their imaginations.
On November 17 the Nazis stormed the University of Prague and other campuses. All universities around the former nation were immediately closed and their students ejected. 1,200 were rounded up and deported immediately to concentration camps. Others would be picked up and arrested over the next year. Few of those sent to the camps survived the War.
Nine professors and students were shot without trial the same day. Their names have become a litany of heroes to Czechs—Josef Matoušek, Jaroslav Klíma, Jan Weinert, Josef Adamec, Jan Černý, Marek Frauwirt, Bedřich Koukala, Václav Šafránek, and František Skorkovský.
In 1941 the International Student Council (ISC) which included many refugees, proclaimed November 17 International Students Day with the approval and encouragement of Allied governments which used the proclamation in their propaganda broadcasts to the Continent.
The celebration was kept alive in the post war years by the successor organization to the ISC the International Union of Students. Along with the National Unions of Students in Europe and others there has been an on-going attempt to get the United Nations to officially recognize the day along with celebrations for Women, Children, Indigenous Peoples, and such. The effort has been met with what might be called benign neglect. It turns out a lot of governments are worried about politicized students. And support has been forthcoming and withdrawn depending on whose ox is being gored by students in the street.
In 1989 independent student leaders and the official Student Union organized mass demonstration for the 50th anniversary of the attack on Czech schools and students. The 15,000 students who took to the streets in a peaceful parade used the opportunity to criticize the Communist Party and government on an array of issues. Police responded with a predictable baton attack leaving many wounded and one dead. The dead man turned out to be a secret police agent who had infiltrated the students but had gotten too close to his own government’s clubs.
Students did not realize the dead man was an agent, however, and rumors of the death of a comrade swept the capital. A student strike was proclaimed and supported by actors and others. The subsequent uproar led directly to the Velvet Revolution and the ouster of the Communist Government breaking the hold of the Soviet Union on Eastern Europe.
After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, European student groups fractured on ideological lines. In the chaos, international coordination of Student Day observances fell by the way side, although many countries and national Student Unions carried on independent celebrations.
Since then students have been at the forefront of protest and rebellion throughout the former Soviet empire, in China’s Tiananmen Square, in the Arab Spring, in anti-austerity protests across Europe, in Istanbul, and dozens of other places around the world. They protested against tyrants of the Left and of the Right, against oligarchic wealth, and religious zealotry. No wonder governments are so skittish about encouraging them with United Nations recognition.
At the World Social Forum held in Mumbai, India in 2004 various student groups and national unions began to discuss a re-launch an official, coordinated movement. The movement has picked up steam, particularly in Europe.
In 2009 there was a massive commemoration of the 70th Anniversary and a major conference held at the University of Brussels. Among the actions taken was a resolution pressing for the adoption of a European Student Rights Charter.
No comments:
Post a Comment