The American Black Block made its bow at the 1999 Seattle World Trade Organization protests--is today's Antifa movement just a cover for the same street fighting radicals? |
Note: Once again my reflections on Charlottesville have
taken long than anticipated. In this
last post I look at the relationship of the Antifas and the Black Block as well
as other participants in the events, especially the clergy and religious
contingent. I still failed to tag all bases.
Tomorrow I will re-visit my much reviled Free Speech absolutism in light
of what we learned. But that will be ancillary
to this series which concludes today.
The “There” where Heather Heyer was killed in Charlottesville was with the Anti-fascists—broadly speaking—who Donald Trump famously tagged as one of the “many sides” guilty of violence. He walked that back for a nanosecond and has since jumped back on the theme with both feet. Although much of the media dutifully denounced moral equivalency, many seem to give it back handed credence in spates of articles, editorials, and yammering head commentary wringing hands and pointing fingers at the Antifa in particular as reckless and violent.
Much of that comes from identifying Antifa with Black Block Anarchists who have been smashing windows and street brawling—frequently piggy-backing on
other much larger and non-violent
demonstrations. Their black clothing, masks, and banners have
become familiar across the country. With
probably only a few hundred hard core
participants and occasional I-wanna-do-that
drop-ins the attention they receive
is far greater than their actual influence on a far-wider movement of resistance
and protest.
The Black Block first emerged in the 1999 protests to the meeting of the World Trade Organization in Seattle, Washington which took local
authorities by surprise resulting in millions
of dollars in damage and over 500 arrests—most of them of people not
associated at all by the estimated 200 Black Block anarchists that initiated the violence. Since
then the Black Block has been a controversial part of numerous demonstrations
notably during the Occupy Movement in
Oakland and other West Coast cities and on the fringes of anti-police protests following shootings
or deaths in custody and Black Lives Matter actions. In January
a small group broke away from
much larger anti-inauguration protests in
Washington. The Justice
Department under Attorney General
Jeff Sessions is pursuing heavy
felony charges against more than 200 people arrested that day, most of them
by-standers, non-Black Block protestors not directly involved, and journalists covering the event.
The Black Block that emerged from the WTO
demonstrations was inspired by a long tradition of street brawling in Europe that goes back to the French Revolution. Although the Great Railway Strike of 1877 and other late 19th Century featured pitched
battles the American labor movement quickly
learned that the armed power of the
state easily crushed such rebellions and destroyed or eroded
public support. The labor
union movement, including its most militant
components like the IWW learned to organize
strikes and other manifestations
in ways that could maximize the economic power of workers while generally avoiding inviting violent
repression as much as possible. This
was simply practical.
The Civil
Rights Movement, which inspired subsequent liberation movements and mass
protests, developed the ideas of passive
resistance, civil disobedience, and non-violence
into an effective model for
protest. While there were always those
who chaffed under the restrictions and discipline of non-violence and advocated militant self-defense like the Black
Panthers, Nation of Islam, and others, few if any advocated planed street violence as a revolutionary
tactic. The great urban riots were seen as understandable outbursts of pent up rage that often ended up destroying Black communities and invited a permanent army-of-occupation
stance and mind set by police.
In the ‘60’s
one group of White radicals,
looked longingly at the riots and
thought they could be a revolutionary
model. The Weatherman faction of SDS was
made up mostly of the sons and daughters of America’s ruling elite—Bill Ayers, scion of Commonwealth Edison’s top honcho and Bernardine
Dohrn being
the prime examples. I knew met some who became Weathermen at a movement center for high school students that we all helped
operate during the Democratic Convention
protests of 1968. Ted Gold and Diana Oughton were killed
when their bomb making factory in a Greenwich Village townhouse exploded 18
month later.
The Weathermen on the march in Chicago in 1969 during the Days of Rage right before all hell broke loose. The Revolution as a temper tantrum was a dead end. |
Radicalized
by the Vietnam War, and the rise of
the Black Panthers and Black Power movement, and filled with text book daddy issues and self-loathing fetishized the violence of the riots in Detroit, Newark, Chicago and other cities. The envisioned
themselves as a vanguard of a youth revolution sparked by their
example. They famously sang I’m Dreaming of a White Riot at a
gathering and made that vision come true during the Days of Rage in Chicago in October 1969. Point of disclosure—I was nearly pulled from a bicycle and beaten during that rampage when I accidentally
rode into it while peddling to my North
Side apartment from classes a Columbia
College which may have tinged my
opinion of them. When that epic temper tantrum failed to spark
uprisings around the country, the Weathermen went underground after a War
Council in Flint, Michigan and
undertook a campaign of arson and bombing.
The
Weathermen were a dead end in
American radicalism. No one followed it their footsteps—which were
generally regarded as disastrous or
adopted either their peculiar Marxist
ideology or their methods.
The early Black Block people, two generations
removed from the Weathermen, were probably only dimly aware of them. Their inspiration came from the streets of Paris, Athens, and other European cities where anarchists broke
from mass anti-austerity protests to
smash windows, overturn and burn cars, and battle police. Because they eschew recognizable public leaders and seek as much as possible to shroud their identities, we don’t know
as much about who the Black Block is as we do about the Weathermen. From those who have been arrested and
charged we can see that they mostly are not drawn from the elite strata of
society as the old SDS radicals. Many
were students, often drop outs, had ordinary middle or working
class backgrounds. Some were part of
the downwardly mobile middle class faced
with diminishing expectations—the same circumstances that may have led
some of their parents and grandparents
to become Tea Partiers and Trumpistas and some of their contemporaries to pick different demons and drift
to the Alt-right.
We do know that they a mostly—sometimes overwhelmingly
White. That has been a particular sore point in many Black communities when they injected
themselves into the spontaneous protests
that erupted in Ferguson, Missouri and
elsewhere after police shootings. They also often broke away from large peaceful protests organized by both civil
rights movement veterans and the younger
leadership represented by the Black Lives Matter movement. BLM has castigated the Black Block for not being good White allies and following
the lead of Blacks organizing their own resistance. Black Block members in turn have accused both
traditional community leaders and BLM leadership of timidity and being complicit
with their oppressors.
I have been critical of the Black Block for those
reasons as well as their susceptibility
by virtue of the very anonymity they
adopt to provocateurs. It was old Wobbly wisdom that when trying
to sniff out a police or company spy,
“look out for the first one to pick up a brick.” The coordinated
attack on the Occupy Movement by the FBI
and other federal agencies in
cooperation with local police was
filled with just that and was used to squelch
a popular and growing movement
and clear out Occupy camps around the country.
BLM suspects the same.
Currently Alt-right
trolls, with or without the aid of Justice
Department dirty tricks, have established several phony Antifa Facebook pages and Twitter accounts filled with outrageous
statements and threats of violence
that both the conservative and
mainstream media duly report as
gospel. Not only that, the faux posts inflame the naive and suck them into doomed acting out.
Variations of this flag and symbol are used by Antifa activists all over the world. |
But are the Black Block and the Antifa on the
streets of Charlottesville really identical? Clearly there is some overlap and the cosmetics
are similar—the use of black clothing, banners, and sometimes masks. But the Antifa are clearly much broader and focused more directly
on community self-defense and direct confrontation with racist thugs than on mindless
rampage. The IWW/GDC which has been among the most cohesive and visible elements
of the Antifa movement has clearly made
that distinction. Many of those now
joining the Antifa movement have no ties
at all to the Black Block.
But the protests to the Alt-Right in Charlottesville
were much wider than just the Antifa.
Who else was involved?
Largely led by young women Black Lives Matter was an important and disciplined part of the Charlottesville response to racism and White Nationalism. |
Black Lives Matter, with its young, largely female
leadership was front and center from the beginning of planning. Eager
to make a strong and united showing, they began careful organizing and
planning weeks in advance, including training non-violence for community
members and outreach to others, particularly potential White allies, to make
sure everyone was on the same page. They
were very concerned that the Antifa contingent might disrupt their plans for aggressive but peaceful confrontation. Many community members of all races responded
to the BLM call and marched with their placards
and t-shirts. As we have seen, in chaos in the streets
after Emancipation Park was closed both groups were often thrown together and,
on the whole, made accommodation for each other.
Traditional Civil Rights leadership was, as
traditionally been the case, represented by the local clergy which began
organizing responses back in May when Richard
Spencer organized the first White Nationalist protest to the proposed
removal of the Robert E. Lee statue and
again for the failed Klan rally in July.
Soon after that Congregate
CVille,
a new coalition of local Black congregations, mainstream Protestants, Jews,
and others was formed to confront the Unite the Right call. In the spirit
of Martin Luther King at Selma the
group sent out a nationwide call for
religious leaders to come to Charlottesville.
More
than 1000 responded. Dozens of Unitarian Universalists including newly elected UUA President Rev. Susan
Frederick-Gray; Rev. Jeanne Pupke,
Sr. Minister at the First Unitarian Universalist Church of Richmond and
recently another candidate for UUA President; Rev.
Osagyefo Sekou, an organizer, strategist, and musician; Rev. Carlton Elliott Smith, the UUA Southern Region Congregational Field
Staff person; and local ministers of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Church, Rev. Erik ‘Wik’ Wikstrom Lead Minister and Rev. Alex McGee, Assistant
Minister.
The
UUA with the leadership and prodding of Black
Lives of Unitarian Universalism has been undergoing extensive soul searching, self-reflection, and education on White privilege
and is committed to being a strong and respectful ally. Under the familiar yellow banner of the Standing on the Side of Love campaign,
UUs have been prominent in many protests and demonstrations including Black
Lives Matter protests and the new Civil
Rights movement represented by the Moral
Monday campaigns. In Charlottesville
UU ministers could be identified by their yellow
stoles or yellow clergy shirts.
Similar
movements are afoot in mainstream Protestant denominations, especially the United Church of Christ (UCC), Episcopal Church, and United
Methodists, all of whom sent large contingents to Virginia as did Jewish organizations, the Muslim community, and Catholics.
Except for those influenced by the liberal Sojourner group, most Evangelical
churches were notable for their absence.
Local
and visiting clergy were provided
special training in non-violence,
with extra attention for those who were willing
to be arrested for defying police
orders not to block access to
Emancipation Park by the Neo-Nazis. In
the end the civil disobedience training was
not employed—instead of arresting the ministers, the police withdrew and exposed them to attack by the armed and enraged racists.
See
my first post in this series for a detailed account of what the ministers
experienced in Charlottesville.
As
a Unitarian Universalist layman and social justice activist I would have
been with the religious contingent if I had been able to go to Charlottesville
despite my old connections to the IWW. I
am not a pacifist but am generally committed to non-violence as an effective form a protest.
But then, we have never been
faced with the possible rise of a
real fascist movement with the powerful
backing and approval of the President
of the United States and a major political
party before. That changes everything. Old
assumptions have to be examined and weighed
by alarming reality.
But
in the days following Charlottesville UUs at Tree of Life Congregation in McHenry
organized a vigil against hate and fascism.
It was one of thousands of similar actions across the country largely
organized by religious communities. In
other cities folks joined massive street marches and occasionally confronted
other Alt-Right events.
Last
weekend in Boston as many as 40,000 mobilized in the streets against
a few dozen Ku Klux Klansmen and this week when Trump staged a pathetic mini-Nuremburg rally in Phoenix ordinary community members,
Black Lives Matter, Antifa, and religious groups were thrown together. And we will be in the future. It may be a sometimes uneasy alliance, but it
is not going away.
In
a report of our McHenry vigil, I shared a new poem that reflected on this. Ordinarily I would not repeat verse so
quickly in this blog, but it is more
germane here than where it was originally posted.
Reds break up a Nazi beer hall rally in 1930. |
Munich and Charlottesville
August 13, 2017
So is this how it felt on the streets of Munich
when the
strutting Brown Shirts
in their
polished jackboots,
Sam Browne,
and scarlet arm bands
faced the
scruffy Commies
in their
cloth caps
and
shirtsleeves rolled up
and battled
in the beerhalls,
parks and
streets.
All of the good people, the nice people
cowered
behind closed doors
and wished
it would go away—
all
of the liberals, the Catholics,
the
new-bred pacifists of the Great War,
the
professors and doctors,
editors
and intellectuals,
the
Social Democrats,
even—my
God!—the Jews
who
had not gone Red—
a pox on
both your houses they solemnly intoned.
Hey, buddy, in retrospect those damn Bolshies
look pretty
good,
like heroes
even.
Things look a little different in Charlottesville,
in
brilliant color not grainy black and white
and the
Fascists can’t agree on a
Boy Scout
uniform and array themselves
golf shirts
and khakis, rainbow Klan hoods,
biker black
and studs and strutting camo.
But the smell, you know, that stench,
is just the
same.
The question is—do you dare be a Red today
or will you
close your doors
and go back
to your game consoles
and cat
videos.
Which will it be, buddy?
—Patrick Murfin
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